Sul complesso rapporto tra i §§ 1, 2 e 3 dell’art. 8 reg. UE 6 del 2002 su disegni e modelli comunitari, interviene il Trib. UE 24.01.2024, T-537/22, Delta Sport c. EUOPO-Lego.
Il succo è che, per affossare la privativa per fiunzionalità dell’aspetto, bisogna che tutte le caratteristiche di questo siano appunto dettate da esigenze funzionali. Nel caso specifico, solo una delle sette lo era (ex § 2), per cui l’esenzione di cui al § 3 può operare per le altre sei: e per questo la privativa non può essere invalidata.
In altre parole, per quest’ultimo scopo, bisogna che tutti gli aspetti del prodotto siano dettati solo da esigenze funzionali.
Nel caso specifico le sette caratteristiche erano tutte funzionali ex § 1 e sei di queste anche ex art. § 2: da qui il “pericolo” per Lego , dato che l’esenzione ex § 3 è riferita solo al § 2, non al § 1.
E’ confermata allora la validità della privativa sui mattoncini, già sancita nella precedent sentenza del Tribuinale UE del 2021 (su cui v. mio post).
<<31 In paragraph 80 of the annulment judgment, the General Court also explained that, in order to preserve the effectiveness of Article 8(3) of Regulation No 6/2002, where EUIPO, when examining an application for a declaration of invalidity based on Article 25(1)(b) of that regulation, read in conjunction with Article 8(1) of that regulation, finds that the characteristics of the appearance of the product concerned by the contested design fall within both Article 8(1) and Article 8(2) of that regulation, and where the proprietor of the contested design relies on the benefit of Article 8(3) of that regulation, it must examine whether those features are capable of falling within the protection of modular systems for the purposes of that latter provision, including when the applicant for a declaration of invalidity did not rely on Article 8(2) of that regulation.
32 In the contested decision, after finding that all the characteristics of the contested design fell within Article 8(1) of Regulation No 6/2002, the Board of Appeal applied Article 8(2) of that regulation. Since that article applied, according to the Board of Appeal, to all the characteristics of that design, the Board of Appeal examined whether it met the requirements of the exception provided for by Article 8(3) of that regulation. The Board of Appeal concluded that that design fell within that exception protecting modular systems, with the result that the application for a declaration of invalidity had to be rejected.
33 It follows from the foregoing that the objective of the application of Article 8(2) of Regulation No 6/2002, in the contested decision, was to determine, in accordance with the annulment judgment, whether the exception provided for in Article 8(3) of that regulation could possibly be applied in the present case and whether the contested design could thus remain valid, although all its characteristics were solely dictated by its technical function within the meaning of Article 8(1) of that regulation.
34 In the second place, it is necessary to analyse whether, in this context, the applicant’s arguments concerning the impossibility of applying Article 8(2) of Regulation No 6/2002, in relation to the characteristic of the smooth surface, are likely to result in the unlawfulness of the Board of Appeal’s finding, according to which there was no reason to declare the contested design invalid.
35 In that regard, it should be borne in mind that, as the General Court found in paragraph 96 of the annulment judgment, if at least one of the features of appearance of the product concerned by a contested design is not solely dictated by the technical function of that product, the design at issue cannot be declared invalid under Article 8(1) of Regulation No 6/2002.
36 The same interpretation applies, by analogy, to Article 8(2) of Regulation No 6/2002, with the result that a design can only be declared invalid, pursuant to that article, in the case where all its characteristics fall under that article, which implies that, first, they meet the requirements provided for by that article and, secondly, none of them fall within the exception, provided for by Article 8(3) of that regulation.
37 It follows that a design is declared invalid, in accordance with the provisions of Article 8 of Regulation No 6/2002, only in the case where all of its characteristics are excluded from protection. If at least one of its characteristics is protected, in particular due to the application of the exception provided for in Article 8(3) of that regulation, the design remains valid.
38 In the present case, it should be observed that the parties do not dispute the Board of Appeal’s findings according to which six of the seven characteristics of the appearance of the product concerned by the contested design, which are referred to in paragraph 9 above, fall within both Article 8(1) of Regulation No 6/2002 and Article 8(2) of that regulation. In support of its plea relating to the infringement of Article 8(2) of Regulation No 6/2002, the applicant claims that that article does not apply to the smooth surface, which constitutes only one of the seven characteristics identified by the Board of Appeal in the contested decision.
39 Thus, even in the event that, as the applicant maintains, one of the seven characteristics of the contested design, namely the smooth surface, would not be covered by Article 8(2) of Regulation No 6/2002, the application of the exception provided for in Article 8(3) of that regulation would possibly be affected in relation to that characteristic alone, with the result that that exception would in any event cover the other six.
40 To the extent that a design is declared invalid only in the case where all its characteristics are excluded from protection, the applicant’s arguments which, even if they were assumed to be well founded, would have the result of affecting the protection of only one of the seven characteristics of the contested design, are therefore not likely to call into question the validity of that design as a whole>>.